Which term describes a technology focused on manipulating genetic material for desired outcomes?

The term that best describes a technology focused on manipulating genetic material for desired outcomes is genetic engineering. This field specifically involves the direct alteration of an organism's DNA to achieve desired traits or characteristics. Techniques involved in genetic engineering include the use of recombinant DNA technology, CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, and the insertion of genes from one organism into another to create transgenic organisms.

Bioengineering, while related, is a broader field that encompasses not just genetic manipulation, but also the application of engineering principles to biological systems in general, including the development of medical devices or biomaterials. Molecular biology involves studying the molecular mechanisms of biological processes, including DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, but does not inherently imply the manipulation of genetic material for specific outcomes. Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cells, rather than directly manipulating genetic information.

Genetic engineering is thus a precise term that captures the essence of intentionally altering genetic material to achieve targeted results, making it the correct choice in this context.