Which scientific study focuses on heredity?

The focus of the study of heredity is best represented by genetics. Genetics is the branch of biology that deals specifically with the principles of heredity and variation in organisms. It encompasses the mechanisms through which traits are inherited from parents to offspring, as well as the molecular basis of these processes, such as genes, alleles, and DNA.

While genomics, which is the study of the entirety of an organism's genes and their interactions, also incorporates hereditary aspects, it does so at a broader level that looks at the complete set of genes and their functions rather than focusing solely on inheritance patterns. Bioinformatics involves the application of computer technology to manage and analyze biological data, which is essential in genetics but does not directly examine hereditary mechanisms. Molecular biology focuses on the molecular basis of biological activity, including the interactions between DNA, RNA, and proteins, but does not specialize in the study of heredity alone.

Thus, genetics is the most precise scientific discipline that addresses the core principles governing heredity.