Which process includes the replication of DNA followed by the sequencing of fragments?

Sanger sequencing method is a technique used to determine the nucleotide sequence of DNA. The process begins with the replication of the DNA template, where specific regions of the DNA are amplified. This is followed by the incorporation of dideoxynucleotides during the sequencing reaction. The dideoxynucleotides terminate the elongation of the DNA strand at specific bases, resulting in fragments of various lengths that correspond to the different sequences present in the original DNA. These fragments are then separated, often through gel electrophoresis, allowing for the determination of the sequence based on the sizes of the fragments. This method is significant because it provides a reliable way to sequence small stretches of DNA and is foundational in genetics research, including in the Human Genome Project.

Cloning, on the other hand, is the process of creating genetically identical copies of an organism or cell, which does not specifically involve sequencing fragments. The polymerase chain reaction primarily focuses on amplifying DNA segments rather than sequencing them, while gene editing refers to techniques that modify genes but do not involve sequencing as a primary function. Thus, the Sanger sequencing method is correctly identified as the process that incorporates both the replication of DNA and the subsequent sequencing of those fragments.