Which process can result in the creation of genetically identical organisms?

The process that results in the creation of genetically identical organisms is whole organism cloning. This method involves creating a new organism that has the same genetic material as the original organism, effectively creating a genetic copy. Cloning is typically achieved through techniques such as somatic cell nuclear transfer, where the nucleus of a somatic cell is transferred into an enucleated egg cell, resulting in an embryo that is genetically identical to the donor organism.

In contrast, artificial insemination involves the introduction of sperm into the reproductive system of an organism to achieve fertilization, resulting in genetically diverse offspring. Gene therapy aims to treat or prevent disease by altering genes, not by creating identical organisms. Transgenic modification involves inserting genes from one species into another, leading to genetically modified organisms that carry traits from different genetic backgrounds, rather than creating clones. Therefore, the unique characteristic of whole organism cloning is its ability to replicate the complete genetic identity of the original organism.