Which hormone primarily affects female reproductive functions?

Progesterone is a key hormone that plays a crucial role in the female reproductive system. It is primarily produced by the ovaries after ovulation and is essential for regulating various aspects of the menstrual cycle and maintaining pregnancy. Progesterone prepares the endometrium (the lining of the uterus) for the potential implantation of a fertilized egg. If pregnancy occurs, this hormone helps to sustain the uterine environment to support fetal development.

During the menstrual cycle, progesterone levels rise after ovulation, leading to changes in the endometrial lining. If fertilization does not occur, progesterone levels drop, leading to menstruation. This intricate regulation highlights progesterone's vital role in promoting and maintaining female reproductive functions.

In contrast, while hormones like testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) are important in the reproductive system, they have different primary functions. Testosterone is primarily associated with male reproductive traits. FSH and LH, produced by the pituitary gland, regulate various aspects of both male and female reproductive systems, but progesterone specifically targets female reproductive functions related to the menstrual cycle and pregnancy support.