Which defensive mechanism involves the selective death of infected cells to prevent the spread of pathogens?

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Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death that plays a crucial role in the body's defense mechanisms, particularly in response to infection. When cells become infected by pathogens, such as viruses, they can undergo apoptosis to limit the spread of the infection. This method is highly selective; only the infected cells are targeted for death, while healthy neighboring cells remain unharmed, which helps maintain tissue integrity and overall function.

This mechanism is particularly important in viral infections, as it prevents the release of viral particles from an infected cell into surrounding tissue, thereby minimizing the opportunity for further infection. The controlled nature of apoptosis allows for an efficient and orderly removal of compromised cells, in contrast to necrosis, which is a form of unregulated cell death that can contribute to inflammation and further tissue damage.

In contrast, inflammation is a protective response involving various immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators to facilitate healing and fight infection but does not specifically target infected cells for death. Phagocytosis is a process where immune cells engulf and digest pathogens and debris, rather than inducing cell death. The immune response encompasses a broader range of mechanisms, including the activation of various immune cells and the production of antibodies, rather than focusing specifically on inducing cell death.

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