What type of analysis determines the sequence and arrangement of genes on a chromosome?

The correct choice is chromosomal mapping, which refers to the process of determining the specific locations of genes on a chromosome and how they are arranged in relation to one another. This method provides a detailed layout of the chromosome structure, including the distance between genes and markers, allowing researchers to understand the genetic makeup of an organism.

Chromosomal mapping involves techniques that help in visualizing genetic landmarks and their order, which can be essential for identifying genetic traits and understanding inheritance patterns. It plays a vital role in genetics, especially in the field of genomics, where having a precise map of genes can facilitate research in genetic disorders, evolutionary biology, and breeding programs.

In contrast, DNA profiling focuses on identifying individuals based on their unique DNA patterns, gene sequencing is concerned with determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule, and genetic engineering involves manipulating an organism's genes for specific purposes, such as creating genetically modified organisms (GMOs). All these processes have different objectives and methodologies, distinctly separating them from the specific aim of chromosomal mapping.