What term describes a genetic variation where part of the chromosome is replicated?

The term that describes a genetic variation where part of the chromosome is replicated is duplication. This process involves the copying of a segment of DNA, resulting in two copies instead of the standard single copy. This can lead to an increase in gene dosage, which may affect gene expression and ultimately influence the phenotype of the organism.

In instances of duplication, additional genetic material can provide raw material for evolutionary processes, such as gene specialization or the development of new functions. Understanding duplications is critical in genetics, as they can play a role in various disorders and contribute to evolutionary diversity.