What mutation is characterized by a chromosome piece reattaching but in reverse orientation?

The mutation characterized by a piece of a chromosome reattaching in reverse orientation is known as an inversion mutation. In this process, a segment of a chromosome breaks off, flips around, and then reinserts itself back into the chromosome, but now in the opposite orientation. This alteration can affect gene expression and regulation because the orientation of genes can influence how they are read and processed.

Unlike a missense mutation, which pertains to a change in a single nucleotide leading to a different amino acid in a protein, inversion mutations involve larger segments of chromosomes and do not directly alter the sequence of DNA bases in terms of point mutations. Additionally, duplication involves the repetition of a segment of DNA, while translocation refers to a segment of DNA being moved from one location to another, potentially on a different chromosome. Inversion distinctly focuses on the reversal in orientation of an existing segment on the same chromosome.