What method can be used to temporarily alter the plasma membrane to facilitate DNA entry?

Electroporation is an effective technique used to temporarily alter the plasma membrane of cells, allowing for the entry of DNA. This method involves applying an electrical field to the cells, which causes the membrane to become permeable. The electrical pulses induce the formation of pores in the membrane, creating temporary openings through which DNA molecules can pass into the cell. This process is particularly useful in various biotechnological applications, including genetic engineering and the introduction of therapeutic genes into target cells.

Transduction refers to the process of introducing foreign DNA into a cell using a virus, which is a natural mechanism but not a direct alteration of the plasma membrane. Gene editing involves making precise alterations to the DNA within the cell, and gene therapy is focused on treating diseases by delivering therapeutic genes. While all these methods are related to manipulating genes and DNA, electroporation specifically addresses the need to facilitate DNA entry by modifying the physical properties of the plasma membrane temporarily.