What is the short-term immunity that results from the introduction of antibodies from another person or animal?

The concept of short-term immunity resulting from the introduction of antibodies produced by another person or animal is known as passive immunity. This type of immunity occurs when a person receives antibodies that were produced by another organism, granting immediate protection against specific infections or toxins. For example, newborns receive maternal antibodies through the placenta and breast milk, which provides them with temporary immunity as their immune systems are still developing.

In contrast, active immunity is generated when an individual’s own immune system is stimulated to produce antibodies in response to an infection or a vaccine. This form of immunity often requires time to develop and typically results in long-lasting protection.

Innate immunity refers to the body's initial, non-specific defense mechanisms present at birth, such as physical barriers, immune cells, and chemical signals, which are not specific to particular pathogens.

The term "retrospective immunity" does not refer to any recognized category of immunity in immunology. Thus, passive immunity stands out as the correct answer, emphasizing its nature of providing immediate but temporary protection through the acquisition of antibodies from an external source.