What is the primary function of genes?

The primary function of genes is to store genetic information. Genes are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for developing, functioning, and reproducing organisms. Each gene encodes the information necessary to produce proteins, which are crucial for countless biological processes. This genetic information is passed from one generation to the next, allowing for the continuity of traits within a species. The structure of DNA, organized into genes, is fundamental because it serves as a blueprint for the synthesis of RNA and subsequently proteins during the process of gene expression.

While regulating cellular respiration, producing energy, and facilitating cell division are important cellular processes, they are not directly the primary function of genes. Instead, genes indirectly contribute to these processes by encoding the proteins that carry out those functions. For example, genes code for enzymes that regulate metabolic pathways like cellular respiration and proteins that play a role in cell division. However, their overarching role as repositories of genetic information remains their fundamental purpose.