What is the name of the organic compound composed of chains of amino acids that serve as a fundamental component of cells?

The organic compound that is composed of chains of amino acids and serves as a fundamental component of cells is known as a protein. Proteins are essential macromolecules that perform a wide range of functions within biological systems, including serving as enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions, providing structural support to cells and tissues, facilitating communication between cells, and playing key roles in immune responses.

The structure of proteins is comprised of one or more long chains of amino acids, which are linked together by peptide bonds. The specific sequence of amino acids determines the protein's unique structure and function. Proteins are vital for almost every aspect of an organism's biochemistry, making them indispensable for cellular processes and life itself.

In contrast, lipids primarily serve as long-term energy storage and structural components of cell membranes, carbohydrates are mainly involved in energy storage and supply, and nucleic acids are responsible for the storage and transmission of genetic information. Each of these organic compounds has distinct roles, but proteins stand out for their diverse range of functions directly related to cellular operation and maintenance.