What branch of acquired immunity involves the activation of B cells and leads to antibody production?

The humoral immune response is the aspect of acquired immunity that specifically involves the activation of B cells, which are a type of white blood cell. When exposed to antigens—substances that provoke an immune response—B cells become activated. This activation triggers B cells to proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells, which are responsible for producing antibodies.

Antibodies are proteins that bind to specific antigens, marking them for destruction or neutralization by other components of the immune system. This mechanism is crucial for defending against pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, allowing the body to effectively target foreign invaders.

In contrast, the cell-mediated immune response primarily involves T cells and does not directly lead to antibody production. The innate immune response serves as the body's first line of defense and is non-specific, targeting a wide range of pathogens without the specificity that characterizes the humoral immune response. The adaptive immune response encompasses both humoral and cell-mediated responses but is a broader term that includes various mechanisms of immunity. Hence, the humoral immune response specifically highlights the role of B cells and antibodies in the immune system.