What are short tandem repeats (STRs) used for in genetics?

Short tandem repeats (STRs) are used for genetic profiling due to their ability to provide highly variable and unique patterns among individual genomes. STRs are repeating sequences of two to six base pairs of DNA that occur in specific locations throughout the genome. The number of repeats at these specific locations can vary significantly between individuals, making them excellent markers for identifying genetic differences.

In forensic science, paternity testing, and anthropological studies, the analysis of STRs allows for the comparison of DNA samples with a high degree of accuracy. Each individual typically has a unique combination of STRs, which helps in establishing identity or familial relationships. This distinctive variability is what makes STRs particularly valuable in genetic profiling, as it provides a reliable way to distinguish between individuals based on their genetic makeup.

While gene therapy, biotechnology, and DNA replication are important areas in genetics, they are not primarily focused on the unique sequencing patterns provided by STRs for identification purposes, which is why genetic profiling is the correct context for their use.