In which process is DNA moved between two cells using a viral vector?

In the context of genetic engineering, transduction refers specifically to the process where DNA is transferred from one cell to another via a viral vector. In this method, viruses that have the ability to infect a particular type of cell are used to introduce foreign DNA into the host cell's genome.

When a virus infects a cell, it can sometimes mistakenly package segments of the host cell's DNA along with its own genetic material. When this modified virus infects another cell, it can deliver this cellular DNA, thus enabling the transfer of genetic material. This is a highly efficient method for genetic modification and is commonly used in molecular biology and biotechnology for gene therapy, vaccine development, and research purposes.

In contrast, the other options represent different concepts in genetics and biotechnology. Genetic technology is a broad field that encompasses various techniques, including but not limited to transduction. Electroporation is a technique that uses an electric field to increase cell permeability, allowing direct uptake of DNA, while whole organism cloning involves creating a genetically identical organism, typically achieved through methods like somatic cell nuclear transfer rather than through a viral vector.